Gambaran Radiologi Osteosarkoma

Syahla Faizasha

Authors

Syahla Faizasha Universitas Malikussaleh Author

Keywords:

Radiologi, Sinar Matahari, Tumor, Tulang

Abstract

Osteosarcoma is the most common type of cancer that occurs in bone, originating from primitive bone-forming mesenchymal cells characterized by osteoid production from neoplastic cells. The incidence is higher in adolescence, and the male-to-female ratio is 1.4:1. Osteosarcoma can affect any bone, but most commonly affects distal long bones near the metaphyseal growth plate, especially within the medullary cavity and involves the bone cortex. The underlying cause of osteosarcoma is unknown, but many risk factors have been identified. Genetic mutations and environmental factors are also strong contributors to osteosarcoma. Symptoms may generally appear weeks or months after the illness. Radiologic examination is the initial diagnostic obtained when a potential bone mass is identified on physical examination. Osteosarcoma may appear in various ways on X-ray, but common findings include sunburst and Codman triangle. Management of osteosarcoma involves a multidisciplinary approach consisting of surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, as well as targeted therapy and immunotherapy. The prognosis of osteosarcoma is highly dependent on several factors, including tumor location, size, presence of metastases, and response to therapy.

References

American Cancer Society. (2020). Osteosarcoma (pp. 1–12).

Pilavaki, P., Gahanbani Ardakani, A., Gikas, P., & Constantinidou, A. (2023). Osteosarcoma: Current concepts and evolutions in management principles. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 12(8), 1–13.

Prater, S., & M. B. (2024). Osteosarcoma. StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549868/

Baumhoer, D., Böhling, T. O., Cates, J. M., Cleton-Janson, A. M., Hogendoorn, P. C., O’Donell, P. G., & WHO Classification of Tumours Editorial Board. (2020). Soft tissue and bone tumours. International Agency for Research on Cancer. https://publications.iarc.fr

Rothzerg, E., Xu, J., & WD. (2023). Different subtypes of osteosarcoma: Histopathological patterns and clinical behaviour. JMP, 4(2), 99–108.

Casali, P. G., Blay, J. Y., Bertuzzi, A., Bielack, S., Bjerkehagen, B., Bonvalot, S., et al. (2014). Bone sarcomas: ESMO clinical practice guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Annals of Oncology, 25(3), 113–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/annonc/mdu256

Casali, P. G., Bielack, S., Abecassis, N., Aro, H. T., Bauer, S., Biagini, R., et al. (2018). Bone sarcomas: ESMO-PaedCan-EURACAN clinical practice guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Annals of Oncology, 29, iv79–iv95.

Refandy, T. D. (2022). Osteosarkoma dengan metastasis pada sistem digestif. Unram Medical Journal, 11(3), 1112–1116.

Verrecchia, F., & Rédini, F. (2018). Transforming growth factor-β signaling plays a pivotal role in the interplay between osteosarcoma cells and their microenvironment. Frontiers in Oncology, 8, 1–11.

Romadhon, Y. A., & Kurniati, Y. P. (2024). Pathway pengaruh lingkungan dalam inisiasi dan progresivitas kanker tulang dan jaringan lunak (pp. 1–347).

Haralambiev, L., Wien, L., Gelbrich, N., Kramer, A., Mustea, A., Burchardt, M., et al. (2019). Effects of cold atmospheric plasma on the expression of chemokines, growth factors, TNF superfamily members, interleukins, and cytokines in human osteosarcoma cells. Anticancer Research, 39(1), 151–157.

Siddiqui, S., Singh, A., Ali, S., Yadav, M., Pandey, V., & Sharma, D. (2019). Metallothionein: Potential therapeutic target for osteosarcoma. Journal of Oncology Science, 5(1), 13–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jons.2019.02.002

Kamal, A. F. (2020). Limb salvage surgery untuk meningkatkan fungsi ekstremitas dan psikologis pasien osteosarkoma pada era jaminan kesehatan nasional. eJournal Kedokteran Indonesia, 8(1).

Wu, W., Jing, D., Cao, L., Pu, F., & Shao, Z. (2022). Current status and prospects of immunotherapy for osteosarcoma. Cancer Research and Prevention Treatment, 49(7), 721–727.