Patofisiologi Diabetic Kidney Disease Pada Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2: Narrative Literature Review

Muslamiyah Hanas

doi:10.61994/jhms.v2i2.2152

Authors

Muslamiyah Hanas RSUD Tengku Sulung Pulau Kijang Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.61994/jhms.v2i2.2152

Keywords:

Patofisiologi , Diabetic Kidney Disease , Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2

Abstract

Tinjauan ini bertujuan merangkum mekanisme patofisiologis diabetic kidney disease (DKD) pada diabetes melitus tipe 2. Metode yang digunakan adalah tinjauan literatur naratif terhadap artikel dari PubMed, ScienceDirect, dan Google Scholar periode 2016–2026. Dari 120 artikel yang ditemukan, tujuh memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Hiperglikemia kronis mengaktifkan jalur AGEs, PKC, poliol, dan heksosamin yang meningkatkan produksi ROS serta memicu stres oksidatif, inflamasi, aktivasi RAAS, disfungsi mitokondria, dan fibrosis. Proses tersebut menyebabkan cedera podosit, glomerulosklerosis, albuminuria, dan penurunan fungsi ginjal progresif. Penatalaksanaan DKD mengombinasikan kontrol glikemik dengan terapi renoprotektif, seperti ACE inhibitor/ARB, inhibitor SGLT2, agonis reseptor GLP-1, dan antagonis reseptor mineralokortikoid. Pemahaman mekanisme ini menjadi dasar pengembangan strategi untuk memperlambat progresi DKD dan mempertahankan fungsi ginjal.

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