Efektivitas Klausula Baku dalam Menjamin Keadilan Kontraktual Konsumen Digital Berdasarkan Undang-undang Perlindungan Konsumen

Obbi Putra Hutagaol; Mhd. Teguh Syuhada Lubis; Rahmat Ramadhani

doi:10.61994/jsls.v4i2.2366

Authors

Obbi Putra Hutagaol Program Studi Magister Ilmu Hukum, Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
Mhd. Teguh Syuhada Lubis Program Studi Magister Ilmu Hukum, Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
Rahmat Ramadhani Program Studi Magister Ilmu Hukum, Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.61994/jsls.v4i2.2366

Keywords:

consumer protection, contractual justice, digital consumers, electronic contracts, supervision

Abstract

Digital commerce relies on standard clauses, but formal electronic consent does not by itself ensure contractual justice. This study evaluates the legal position and effectiveness of standard clauses under Indonesian consumer protection law through normative juridical research. The analysis identifies dual-layer validity: electronic consent can form a binding contract, while individual clauses remain subject to Article 18 of Law Number 8 of 1999, good faith, transparency, proportionality, and mandatory consumer rights. Article 18 is normatively strong but operationally limited because supervision remains reactive, authority fragmented, and remedies uneven. The study contributes an integrated effectiveness framework and a five-stage risk-based model: risk identification, clause screening, corrective amendment, graduated enforcement, and remedial feedback

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